Doping in Sports is a Problem Essay

Doing steroids, which is known as doping, is a problem in sports that needs to be stopped and needs to be stopped fast. Ask anyone with a decent knowledge of sports and current events, and they will tell you: nearly every week, another high-profile doping story makes its way to the headlines of newspapers around the world. A quick Google News search for â€Å"doping† revealed over 7,500 results from the past week alone. The stories ranged from the lesser known 2 Youth Olympic Games Wrestlers who were recently suspended to the more famous 2010 Tour de France winner Alberto Contador’s positive test. This month, Brent Musburger (an ABC/ESPN sports commentator) told a group of students at University of Montana that steroids work. Musburger blamed â€Å"journalism youngsters† who â€Å"got too deeply involved in something they didn’t know too much about† for the negative image steroids and doping now have. He went on to say that steroids had no place in high school, but â€Å"under the proper care and doctor’s advice, they could be used at the professional level.† (Quotes take from the Missoulian article.) If you know me (or have been in a class with me), you know how I feel about doping in sports. In fact, anti-doping was one of the reasons I came to law school, and more specifically to Marquette. My view is that doping has no place in sport. The story of how I came to become so staunchly against doping is for another day (and perhaps a different venue), but basically involves my love for the sport of cycling and the systematic doping that plagues that sport. Suffice it to say that I take a firm stance against doping in all sports in all forms. It probably goes without saying that I could not disagree with Musburger more. Doping, least of all in the form of anabolic steroids, has no place in sports – amateur or professional. I think all anti-doping arguments come down to two basic principles, only one of which Musburger addresses in his blanket approval of steroid use in professional athletes. First, doping threatens the health of athletes. Musburger argues that with proper medical supervision, steroids can be healthy. While this might be true in some (and I would suggest limited) cases, it would certainly not be true in all cases. The use of steroids can have serious health repercussions, including affected liver, endocrine, and reproductive function, tumors of the liver and kidneys, heart conditions, and psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, the article just linked goes on to mention the increased probability of side effects when 1) steroids are used more than the recommended dose, 2) steroids are used in conjunction with other performance enhancing substances, and 3) counterfeit or tainted steroids are used. Legalizing steroid use would not solve these problems. The side effects listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (a part of the National Institute of Health) article are not restricted to improper use of steroids. I will not detail out the side effects of not only steroids, but also the use of hGH and EPO (often used in cycling), the NCBI does a nice job of listing those and providing citations to studies. Furthermore, the drive to win will always encourage athletes to take â€Å"just one more.† Sure, proper medical supervision would ensure that an athlete receives the proper dose from that doctor, but when that athlete fails to win the next race, game, or match, he or she is more likely to increase the dose or combine other methods of doping. Second, and unaddressed by Musburger, doping affects the integrity of sport. Sport is not about simply winning. The saying â€Å"It’s not about whether you win or lose, it’s how you played the game,† although clichà ©, is absolutely correct. The Olympic Movement identifies the Olympic spirit – mutual understanding, spirit of friendship, solidarity, and fair play – as fundamental to sport. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was founded on the principle that integrity of sport is fundamental to the spirit of sport, and that integrity is threatened by doping. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) division on anti-doping believes that â€Å"doping jeopardizes the moral and ethical basis of sport and the health of those involved in it.† The National Football League itself created its own steroid policy because steroid use threatens â€Å"the fairness and integrity of athletic competitionâ€Å" and †Å"sends the wrong message to young people who may be tempted to use them.† Sports are about competition on equal footing, with respect for the opponent, and with respect for the rules of the game. Permitting the use of steroids under proper medical supervision would threaten the fairness and integrity of the game. First, athletes who choose not to use steroids are at an unfair advantage – most will be unable to compete at the same level as athletes who are using steroids. Second, the integrity of the game is compromised because it is no longer about which athlete has the best skills or talent, it’s instead about which athlete has the best steroid cocktail or the money to buy the best steroids. Thus, steroid use is contrary to the spirit of sport – fairness, respect, and solidarity. The concept of mutual respect between competitors is thwarted when one (or both) athletes would rather use steroids to improve his or her performance than compete based on individual strength, skill, or talent. However, if health and integrity concerns aren’t enough to convince you, consider this final point. Law students, and indeed lawyers, are fond of the slippery slope argument. I think it finds a comfortable place in this debate. It’s a slippery slope between allowing steroid use with proper medical supervision and eliminating anti-doping regulations. Where is the line to be drawn? Will it now be illegal to use steroids only if taken without proper medical supervision? How can proper medical supervision be proven? How does an athlete prove that the steroids in his or her body were as a result of proper medical supervision and not other means? What about athletes who use more than the recommended dose? What about other forms of doping (hGh or EPO)? Are those next to be permitted under proper medical supervision? It’s difficult to see how regulating the use of steroids in sport is workable. The only way to preserve integrity in sport and protect the health of athletes is through a serious anti-doping approach. Anti-doping efforts are most successful when the â€Å"law† (anti-doping policy) sets forth clear, bright-line rules about when and what substances are prohibited. Although a long way from perfect, WADA has created the most comprehensive anti-doping program in the world (indeed the only anti-doping program most of the world outside of the US models and implements). American professional sports leagues should be looking at ways to model the WADA code in its own anti-doping policies (like the United States Anti-Doping Agency is doing), not seeking ways to excuse steroid use or compromise anti-doping efforts. Steroids have no place in sports.

Passion and responsibility in Edith Warton’s “Ethan Frome” Essay

Set in 1881 Starkfield, Massachusetts, Edith Warton’s _Ethan Frome_ reveals a recurring theme found in literature: â€Å"the classic war between a passion and responsibility.† In the novel, published in 1911, protagonist Ethan Frome confronts his two private passions, his desire to become an engineer that conflicts with his moral responsibility to his family and his passion for Mattie Silver that conflicts with his obligations to his sickly wife, Zenobia Frome. Ethan, being a man of responsibility, places the needs and wants of his family, before his own, which causes him to experience only â€Å"[s]ickness and trouble† and â€Å"that’s what [he’s] had his place full up with, ever since the very first helping† (12). The reader sympathizes with Ethan’s struggles as he abandons his studies at Worcester, considers running away with Mattie, and even attempts suicide with Mattie. When Ethan is confronted with family obligations, his desire to become an engineer ceases and, as a result, he leaves Worcester. Later in his, life he starts to realize that leaving Worcester also meant that he would forget about all of the things he learned. Because Ethan was unable to finish his education as Worcester, he looks at the book that the speaker left him and knows that would be â€Å"things in that book that [he] didn’t know the first word about† (14). Though Ethan had to leave Worcester prematurely, he thinks fondly of his university days and longs to recreate them. Ethan’s â€Å"best  parlour† (112) that he uses as a sanctuary is modeled after a professor he had at Worcester. His professor, a minister, fed Ethan’s curiosity by lending him books. However, Ethan’s sense of responsibility made him give up the knowledge he loved and even years later he clings onto the spark of knowledge that he gained from university. Ethan’s longing to run away with Mattie is obliterated by his overpowering responsibility to his wife. Wharton poses a striking contrast between the two women, using light and warmth to represent Mattie and dark and coldness for Zeena. Mattie brings out a part of Ethan that he had lost when he left Worcester. Ethan embraces this newly found self with the desire to talk to her and not be the shy man he was in his Worchester days. To Ethan â€Å"all his life was lived in the sight and sound of Mattie Silver† (35), and because of her he has found a new happiness. However, this newfound happiness can be eradicated by a mere mention of his wife’s name. Zeena’s name â€Å"threw a chill between† (73) Ethan and Mattie. Zeena’s character juxtaposes the character of Mattie; all the warmth that Mattie brings into the Frome home turns wintry when Zeena is present. Ethan’s responsibility to Zeena causes him to stay in the cold town of Starkfield. Even the townspeople believe that Ethan has â€Å"been in Starkfield too many winters† (7). When Ethan is around Mattie he is filled with â€Å"a warm sense of continuance and stability† (45). Yet Zeena stands in the way of Ethan being with Mattie like he so frequently imagines. This causes Ethan’s heart to be jerking â€Å"to and fro between two extremities of feeling† (95), his responsibilities lie with Zeena but Mattie inflames his passions. Red is the archetypal color for passion and it reflects Ethan and Mattie’s inability to act on their mutual desire for one another. When Mattie first arrives in Starkfield she wears a â€Å"cherry-coloured scarf†(27) and later a â€Å"streak of crimson ribbon† (71) through her hair that catches Ethan’s attention. Ethan â€Å"had taken to the girl from the first day†(*******) and his passion for her never left him. Ethan and Mattie’s rebellious attempt at suicide is inhibited by his thoughts of Zeena. Ethan learns that Zeena wishes to send Mattie away and replace her with a hired girl. He knows that he should respect his wife’s decision but feels that his â€Å"heart was jerking to and fro between two extremities of  feeling† (95). Ethan chooses this path with Mattie because it is her last hope, without living in Starkfield and moving with no job experience she only has one thing to offer. Ethan knows this, but also tries to ignore it thinking that she might get a better life, he tries to help but he â€Å"can’t lift a hand for† (138) Mattie. He has tried every possibility, so together Ethan and Mattie finally go coasting. With Starkfield alight below they â€Å"looked ahead with rigid faces† (138). Everything passes by in a blur, all that matters is that Ethan and Mattie are together and they are in their own world. Mattie suggests going down again b ut this time they will â€Å"never come up anymore† (143). Ethan’s final request is for Mattie to sit behind and † to feel [Mattie] holding [him]† (146). It is Ethan’s own clash of emotions that cause him to agree with Mattie’s suggestion that the two of them should commit suicide by coasting into the elm tree at the bottom of the hill. Everything goes to plan until â€Å"his wife’s face†¦thrust itself between him and his goal† (147), causing him to swerve, but he soon rights it. Instead of hitting the tree head on, the two hit it on the right side. The â€Å"smash-up† (4) is not enough to kill them but it does leave the pair seriously injured. When he hears Mattie’s twittering sounds of pain, Ethan realizes his failed rebellious action and his sense of responsibility returns. Ethan hears his horse begins to whinny and thinks to himself that â€Å"[he] ought to be getting [the horse] his feed† (149). Frome’s injuries remain as a constant reminder of his inability to escape his responsibilities. In _Ethan Frome_ the progonist Ethan Frome cannot escape his responsibilities in his life, whether it be his parents or his wife. Now he also has a new weight to carry, along with the responsibility, it is that Mattie’s condition is his fault. Ethan learned that responsibility trumps passion in all forms, he tried to follow his passions but he could not escape reality. That reality is a life with Zeena taking care of Mattie, and Ethan living his hard life with seeing everyday what he did to the love of his life. Wharton’s use of the responsibility vs. passion motif in her novel Ethan Frome is very apparent. Frome is haunted by his own responsibilities first to his mother and father and then later his responsibility regarding his marriage to Zeena. It is these responsibilities that stand in Ethan’s way of  achieving a â€Å"paradise,† whether it be in the form of an education at Worcester, or a relationship with Mattie Silver.

Essay On Leo Tolstoy - 896 Words

Leo Tolstoy Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 in Russia. He died on November 20, 1910. He had three older brothers. Two year later, his mom, nà ©e Princess Volkonskaya, died. When Leo was nine years old his father also died, so his Aunt became his and his brothers legal guardian. Soon, she died, and they were given to another Aunt. He received an education at the University of Kazan, where he did not do very well. He soon had to leave with no degree. He then joined the military and fought in the Crimean war. He soon returned home and became an author. One time, he traveled to Paris and lost all of his money gambling. He soon came home and became a great author. He wrote the works War and Peace.The Year 1805, Anna Karenina, and The†¦show more content†¦Raà ºl Antonio Mora and Estella Mora were her parents. She had one sister named Stella. Pat was raised in a spanish and English speaking home. She got a bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the Univers ity of Texas. She has three children and has been divorced once. 5. Christy Brown (Irish Author) Christy was born on June 5, 1932 in Ireland. When he was born, his left foot was the only thing not affected by paralysis. He died September 6, 1981. He was the 10th of 22 children. His parents were Patrick and Bridget Brown. Doctors considered Christy mentally disabled, be he worked through it with therapy. He did not get any real education in his youth, but he taught himself to read. Christy did eventually attend St Brendan s School-Clinic. He wrote My Left Foot, Down All The Days in 1970, A Shadow on Summer, and Wild Grow the Lilies. 6.William Melvin Kelley William was born on November 1, 1937 in New York City. His parents were Narcissa Agatha Kelley and William Kelley. He attended Fieldston School and Harvard University. He fights hard against racism. William wrote A Different Drummer, Dancers on the Shore, A Drop of Patience,and Dunfords Travels Everywheres. He died February 1, 2017. 7.Robert Frost Robert Frost was born March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California. His parents were William Prescott Frost Jr. and Isabelle Moodie. His father died from tuberculosis when he wasShow MoreRelatedKreutzer Sonata by Leo Tolstoy Essay example1053 Words   |  5 Pages1) a. By having Pozdnischeff tell his story to someone else, Tolstoy allows the reader to interpret the information for themselves. If the story was told as a first person narrative, the reader would not have had the comparison of values between Pozdnischeff and the other people on the train. b. Tolstoy describes many aspects of the people on the train. He seems to emphasize on their faces and their reactions to the statments spoken by each other character. He does this so that the reader mayRead MoreShort Summary of The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy Essays764 Words   |  4 PagesAmanda Kopinski Philosophy of the Human Person 09-12-2010 Summary of The Death of Ivan Ilyich The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy begins at the chronological end of Ivan Ilyich’s life. Members of a court proceeding were on break of the Melvinsky proceedings, and Pyotr Ivanovich proclaimed: â€Å"Ivan Ilyich is dead† (35). All the men in the courtroom at the time were supposedly â€Å"close acquaintances† of Ivan, but none remarked at the sadness of his death, but rather the chance of promotion allRead MoreEssay about Tolstoys Three Hermits1648 Words   |  7 Pages Between 1875 and 1877, Leo Tolstoy, nobility by birth, wrote installments of Anna Karenina. While writing Anna Karenina,† he became obsessed with the meaning and purpose of life. This led Tolstoy to compose the essay, My Confession, detailing his agonizing religious and moral self-examination, published in 1882. He devoted another three years to the discovery of the meaning and purpose of life. At the close of the seven years of only non-fiction essays, Tolstoy resumed writing and publishing fictionalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Other Hand 1418 Words   |  6 Pagesvaries among people. Leo Tolstoy reveals that the beauty we perceive through art can change or support a pre-conceived idea. On the other hand, Elaine Scarry’s view resides in the fact that our view of beauty promotes the spirit of justice. Art is not so much the focus, rather beauty is the driving force of these two essays. There is an educational aspect to beauty that implies improvement within an individual or society and is promoted through both essays. 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However, Tolstoy later went on to become a very famous and successful author, one of the greatest of all time. Tolstoy’s novels include â€Å"War and Peace† and â€Å"Anna Karenina†. Leo was also well known for his obsession with perfection and self-controlRead MoreEssay Harper1467 Words   |  6 PagesBerger’s Ways of Seeing he offers the problem of people being subjective. In David Foster Wallace’s essay â€Å"Deciderization 2007-A Special Report† he shows a solution or choice to the problem. In Leon Weiseltier’s â€Å"The Democratic thinker† he shows the obligation that people have. â€Å"The Blind Men and the Elephant† shows conflict between knowledge and understa nding. â€Å"The Three Questions† by Leo Tolstoy also shows conflict between knowledge and understanding but in a different way than the blind men andRead MoreBook Analysis, Ivan And The Struggle For Freedom1178 Words   |  5 PagesMei Yang Professor A. 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Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born into a family of aristocratic landowners in 1828 at the family estate at Yasnaya Polyana, a place south of Moscow. His parents died in the 1930sRead MoreRevolutionary Ideas Can Be Proposed Through Art And Design1706 Words   |  7 Pagescontributed to the approach, medium and presentation of the works? Leo Tolstoy described art as â€Å"one of the means of intercourse between man and man† in his book, ‘What is Art?’(1897).This is true when we stand beside strangers in an art gallery, and gaze at an artist’s work. One might praise the artist’s craftsmanship and the other may criticizing its overarching message. What transpires in this interaction is exactly what Tolstoy wrote about no matter how opposing the two responses may be. The creator

Gatsby and the American Dream Essay - 1636 Words

The American Dream is what we all aspire to achieve. The idea of starting off with nothing and to become something has caused millions of people from all corners of the world to immigrate to this country for over 300 years. However, what exactly is the American Dream? F Scott Fitzgerald answers this question within his novel The Great Gatsby. Through the eyes of Nick Carraway, Fitzgerald analyses the high class of the 1920s and reveals that the American Dream has been distorted from a pure ideal of security into a convoluted scheme of materialistic power. Fitzgerald incorporates the aspects of both the Ã’old dreamÓ amp; the Ã’new dreamÓ in his tragic story to depicts how the inflexible dream has been corrupted and lost forever.†¦show more content†¦When the reader is first introduced in the novel, we see him Ã’standing with his hands in his pocketsÓ and supposedly Ã’out to determine what share is his of our local heavensÓ. Nick watches GatsbyÕ s movements and comments: Ã’He stretches out his arms toward the dark in a curious way, and as far as I can swear he is trembling. Involuntarily I glance seaward-and distinguish nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might be the end of the dockÓ GatsbyÕs dream give him a purpose in life and sets him apart from the rest of the wealthy class on Long Island. He never gives up his pursuit to win over Daisy; from the moment he is seen reaching towards her house in East Egg to the final days of his life, patiently waiting outside DaisyÕs house for hours when she has already decided to abandon her affair with him. Gatsby is the only character that retains the purest traits of the old dream, but loses in the end by attempting to achieve his dream by transposing his original ambition into the dreamÕs modern state. After Jay Gatsby return from World War I, he realizes to live a life of high class you must make money the top priority; wealth in-turn becomes GatsbyÕs superficial goal overshadowing his quest for love. He creates a necessity to become fantastically wealthy, which will enable him to be with Daisy. Money is clearly identified as theShow MoreRelatedGatsby And The American Dream1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream and Gatsby’s Dream in the gigantic city of New York during the roaring 20’s have many similarities. Gatsby becomes lost in his journey to his dream through life when getting re-acquainted with a young â€Å"golden† girl by the name of Daisy. He falls in love with her at such a young age it seems that this is the only girl for him. His only dream is to get Daisy. It’s sad to say due to Gatsbys tunnel vision and isolation, he struggles to create or maintain close relationships in theRead MoreGatsby And The American Dream2062 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream Having money, a big house, and a happy family is the epitome of what the American Dream is really about. In the book The Great Gatsby, the upper class people like Tom Buchanan and Jay Gatsby, live their younger years abusing their wealth without thinking about the affect they have on themselves, as well as others and what the American Dream is truly about. The meaning of the American Dream can be looked at from different perspectives. So manyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Real American Dream Since its institution, the United States has been revered as the ultimate land of ceaseless opportunity. People all around the world immigrated to America to seek quick wealth, which was predominately seen in the new Modern era. Beginning in the late 1800s to the early 1900s, the period introduced progressive ideas into society and the arts. Accompanying these ideas was a loss of faith in the American Dream and the promise America once guaranteed, especially after WorldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1442 Words   |  6 PagesPursuit of Happiness. This sentiment can be considered the foundation of the American Dream, the dream that everyone has the ability to become what he or she desires to be. While many people work to attain their American dream, others believe that the dream is seemingly impossible to reach, like F. Scott Fitzgerald. 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In the novel Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor past to gain an incredible amount of money and a limited amount of social cache of in the 1920s NYC, only to be rejected by the â€Å"old money† crowd. The focus of my paper would be the pathway towards the American Dream and how it affects the person and others around. The American dreamRead MoreThe American Dream ( The Great Gatsby )1173 Words   |  5 PagesSLIDE. *POINTS TO PICTURE LIVING IN THE AMERICAN DREAM (THE GREAT GATSBY). Did anyone notice anything that caused a change in society between these two pictures? *POINTS TO SOMEONE WITH ONE OF THE ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ/QUESTION. READS OUT THE RAPID ECONOMIC BOOMING AND GREED. *NEXT SLIDE. That’s correct! During the 1920s of the Jazz Age in concurrence with the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, America had experienced a rapid economic booming after World War I. 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To others, it provides a beacon of hope, as an open door that individuals desperately desire to enter in pursuit of opportunities. The Americans after World War I, boosted by the emotions of the war, had an uncontrollable vigor about accomplishing and displaying an extravagant way of life and achieving a high socialRead MoreGatsby American Dream Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pages The American Dream The great Gatsby is a classic novel in which money is centered around everything. All Jay Gatsby wants to do is live the American dream. Some say Gatsby did live the American dream. Though Gatsby made lots of money and threw tons of parties their was one thing he was missing. The thing Gatsby was missing was a peaceful state of mind and a lover. In this book written by Scott Fitzgerald called The Great Gatsby Jay Gatsby finds out the American Dream isn t attainable

Protective Legislations For Women s India - 2272 Words

Protective legislations for women in India and PWDVA, 2005 – an analysis of Guwahati city By: Bidisha Bora, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, R G Baruah College, Gauhati University, Assam, India (e-mail: saikia_bidisha03@yahoo.com ). Abstract This research paper will try to highlight the loopholes in the legislative provisions for women in the Indian constitution. Legislations for women have been there since the British rule. Independent India is not an exception. But some Indian customs and traditions set restrictions towards women ignoring them to be an individual. Social construct is such that women do not come out to speak about their plight in the public. Since independence, Indian women has got the right to vote and many rights enshrined in the constitution, but the violence against women in the private domain remained unseen in the legal provisions of the country. Many movements took place to make the violence against women in the private domain to get legal sanction. Anyways, women get much legislation under the Indian constitution for their protection yet none of these legislations have clearly considered domestic violence as a crime till 2005. The failure of the existing provisions to address the domestic violen ce as a crime has led to the implementation of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act in 2005. This study is an attempt to analyse the awareness level about the act. This study will deal extensively with the legalShow MoreRelatedHuman Capital Theory2100 Words   |  9 Pagesfarms .Although it attracts pay, men’s work is valued more than women’s. Earnings of women is normally average around 2/3rd of men’s .In general, simply 1/5th of world’s wages accrue to women partly because they are engaged usually in low paying-jobs. Still in these jobs, payment is less usually to women compare to men instead doing comparable work (Bergmann, 1971), the result of discrimination and exclusion of women are solely the gender differences in labour market, to evaluate a method the outputRead MoreThe Aftermath Of World War II1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lives of the women changed dramatically. Women spoke their minds out and wanted to be heard. World War II br ought them a new outlook on how they should live their lives (Napikoski). It encouraged women to organize social movements such as boycotts and public marches, pushing for their human rights and protection against discrimination. Alongside, they formed their own organization representing them against the federal government like the NOW or National Organization for Women (Napikoski). ThroughRead MoreIndias Social Structure Of India2087 Words   |  9 Pagesis the primary religion followed in the nation of India (Johnson 2014). 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And despite laws that prohibit child marriage, the practiceRead MoreWomen Empowerment12463 Words   |  50 PagesNATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001) | | |Introduction | |The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental | |Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to | |women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. | |Within the framework of a democraticRead MoreThe Supreme Court Of India3519 Words   |  15 Pagessocial movements in India since the 1970s have actively used the Courts-especially the Supreme Court-as a part of their struggles. This has been possible because of the higher Courts’ activism, especially under the guidance and action of Public Interest Litigation. Through the instrument of Public Interest Litigation, the Court liberated itself from traditional constraints in the legal system so as to reach out ‘to the weaker sections of Indian humanity. The Supreme Court of India has adopted a forward-lookingRead MoreThe Supreme Court Of India3521 Words   |  15 Pagessocial movements in India since the 1970s have actively used the Courts-especially the Supreme Court-as a part of their struggles. This has been possible because of the higher Courts’ activism, especially under the guidance and action of Public Interest Litigation. Through the instrument of Public Interest Litigation, the Court liberated itself from traditional constraints in the legal system so as to reach out ‘to the weaker sections of Indian humanity. The Supreme Court of India has adopted a forward-lookingRead MoreIndustrial Relations-Labour Laws6823 Words   |  28 Pagesthe colonial office on the care, feeding and treatment of slaves, as with most legislation passed by states  in the Caribbean and Jamaica in particular, implementation of these regulations was not carefully supervised. The treatment of  workers was oppressive, exploitative, expected unquestioning obedience, featured punishment as a means of discipline, (indeed, as the only means of discipline), and in the case of women, included the assumption  that sexual use of their bodies was the automatic rightRead MoreProstitution in India6516 Words   |  27 PagesProstitution in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In  India,  prostitution  (exchanging sex for money) is legal, but related activities such as soliciting sex, operating  brothels  and pimping are illegal.[1][2] Prostitution  is currently a contentious issue in India. In 2007, the  Ministry of Women and Child Development  reported the presence of 2.8 million  sex workers  in India, with 35.47 percent of them entering the trade before the age of 18 years.[3][4]  The number of prostitutes has doubled

Mass Spectrometer for Born Energy - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMass Spectrometer for Born Energy. Answer: Introduction According to physics based like theory of quantum field, born energy is understood to be the energy of a particle that actually results from the bombarding of particles within the environment of which it is part. When considering electrostatics, within a given distribution charge in born energy is always needed in order to ensure movement of the charges from an infinite number to the least number being zero(Alberty, 2011). When looking at electrons that are situated within a vacuum and that are in motion, the self-born energy refers to the effect on the electrons as a result of the mediums within its environment. For instance, by virtue of the electrons repelling against themselves explains the phenomenon that when the electrons move they take the place of those electrons within the same locality and thus consequently changes the disruption experienced by the electrons in motion. In simple terms, self-energy is the energy possessed by a substance due to alterations that the same substance causes in its locality. Mass spectrometry refers to the technique of analysis that causes the ionization of different chemicals and groups the ions according to their mass and charge proportions(Downard, Kevin, 2014). In other words mass spectrum refers to the mass present in a given representative of a substance. Mass spectrometry is applied in many sectors specifically to mixtures that are complex and those representatives of substances that are pure. It aids in prevention of the useful components of our environment like water, air, soil, and food hence enhancing their purity. It does this by determining the possibility of the environment being contaminated by chemicals, pharmaceuticals and naturally occurring organic matter such as pesticides. The wide range of pharmaceutical products such as antibiotics, mood stabilizers and sex hormones are discovered to be present in drinking water. Mass spectrometry therefore helps to test drinking water supplies. Mass spectrometry in combination with gas and liquid chromatography technology helps in testing environmental toxins. They are ideal for identifying pesticides, gasoline among others(Siuzdak, Gary, 2015). This is due to their high sensitivity and capability to deeply analyze organic solvents of water such as explosives and pharmaceuticals. Born energy on the other hand helps in monitoring the presence of toxic materials in water industries. Therefore, mass spectrometry and born ener gy helps in protection of the environment by putting keen interest in analytical measurements, environmental monitoring and industrial instrumentation. Through Mass spectrometry the Centers for Disease Control have responded to threats potentially posed by chemical and radiologic terrorism. These Centers use the screen of rapid toxic to analyze blood and urine for many agents of chemicals such as mustards of sculpture, components of cyanide and many other industrial chemicals which are very toxic. Many mass spectrometers are used during a rapid toxic screen to give individual results into details that can reveal what agents were used and the level to which they were exposed. The centers for Disease Control also enhance the development of mass spectrometry and gamma spectroscopy which helps in measuring the amount of radioactive materials present in urine such as uranium, plutonium, and strontium that are often used in making of some bombs(L.E. Steiner, 2013). The advanced mass spectrometry techniques are also used to measure levels of toxins that could be used for bio-terrorism. Its laboratory helps in the detection of toxins of botulinum, anthrax and ricin in a given sample and its refining state of the art mass spectrometry technology to adequate plan of the toxin in a way that can help to identify possible source of the agent. Born energy being the amount of energy possessed by a substance due to alterations it causes in its own natural setting helps in treatment of toxic agents which may interfere with the purity of human body components such as urine among others. Mass spectrometry helps in the analysis of the composition of the atmosphere within given planetary space and the monitoring of the quality of air on a controlled flight in space. Some spacecrafts contain spectrometers(Peterkops,Raimonds, 2012). For instance, the spacecraft referred to as Cassini contain the liquid spectrometer of Cassini which is very useful in measuring the composition of the molecules containing ions such as the one originating from the ionosphere of the planet Saturn and its moon Titan. This helps in protecting air quality and composition in the space shuttles as closely protected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that is a non-dependant agency in the federal government found in USA concerned with civilian space programmed and also aeronautical as well as research in aerospace. Born energy assumes the salvation energy as the change in either internal energy or enthalpy upon solvation and major work performed by electric forces during ion dissolving. This helps in getting rid of harmful substances present in a given mass of air in space. With the growing use of pills, mass spectrometry aids in the chemical structures present within such pills and means of removing impurities from the same. This is a very efficient way of ensuring that the drugs are approved by the relevant authorities required for the drugs to gain entry into the market(Downard, Kevin, 2014). Born energy on the other hand aids in identifying the relevant types of impurities that would have adverse impacts on the health of the users hence advising on the side effects that may be experienced as a result of using the drug. The doctor therefore makes informed decisions when prescribing the drug. Born equation Born equation is the means of estimating the Gibbs force energy of salvation of a gaseous ion. It is an electrostatic model that treats the solvent as a continuous dielectric medium. Its thus a one class member known as continuum salvation methods(Alberty, 2011). Where =Avogadros constant. Z= Charge of ion. e= elementary charge. =Space force permittivity. =Effective radius of ion. =dielectric constant of the solvent. Mass spectrometry equation is derived from mass spectrometer which is a device that has the ability to determine the amount of substance present and the concentration of molecules and atoms. It applies the fundamental principles of force processed by charged particles in motion. Equation connecting mass spectrometry and born energy, References Atkins ;De Paula. (2006). Physical Chemistry. Oxford University press. Alberty, R. (1987). Physical Chemistry. New York, USA.: John Wiley Sons. Downard, Kevin. (2004). Mass Spectrometry- A Foundation Couse. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry . L.E. Steiner. (1948). Introduction to chemical thermodynamic. New York, USA.: McGraw-Hill. Peterkops,Raimonds. (1977). Theory of ionization of atoms by electron impact. Colorado: Colorado Associated Universty press. Siuzdak, Gary. (1996). Mass Spectrometry for biotechnology. Boston: Academic Press.

Walmart in China free essay sample

Magic of the stripes In addition to the satellite system, Walmart has guided the way to other ground-breaking technologies that had other retailers follow. In 1988, Walmart was the first retail company who used the barcode system as the universal labeling system (Walmart, http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011). The efficiently of the barcode system gave Walmart the capability to reduce store inventories and the cost of keeping items in warehouse. The barcode system also makes it possible for Walmart to record sales of each item for more accurate sales analysis, because the barcode system worked so well, 99 percent of Walmart stores adapted this technology(Walmart, http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx, 2011). But it also created another problem for Walmart suppliers. One of the key pieces of the barcode system is the Universal Product Code (UPC), the UPC is a stamp with black and white stripes and numbers on the bottom that allows a barcode scanner to scan the product. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Getting the UPC code isn’t as easy as print it on the box and ships it out to Walmart. First, Walmart requires all their potential suppliers to file an evaluation with Dun amp; Bradstreet for an evaluation of the company’s financial standing, second, buy a membership from Uniform Code Councils GS1 that cost at least $750 plus an annual fee that bases on the company’s sales plus cost of each UPC on the product (Washingtonpost, 2007). Base on the cost, if you are large company like PepsiCo or Johnson amp; Johnson the fees are relatively small, but if you are a small mom and pop business the fees can eat up most of your sales revenue. However, Jon Lehman who was a Walmart Manager who managed six stores said during an interview with PBS. org(PBS. org, 2004) â€Å"you can track sales on specific items, specific weeks, specific days, specific hours of the day, when you sell merchandise the most. You can find out what size of toothpaste is your best seller, what times of the year you sell that toothpaste. You can track sales spikes during the year, during certain seasonal periods†. the benefit of the barcode system gives Walmart the leverage power to have all their suppliers include barcode in their products, which was the first time, a retailer have power over the supplier. Walmart’s Cross Docking In the retail race for survival, more and more retailers are finding ways to reduce inventory cost and transportation cost. Then in the 1980s, Walmart began to use a logistic technique call the â€Å"cross-docking†. This is a way for the finished goods to directly be pick up from a supplier’s manufacturing plant, and then transport the goods to the customers without storing it. The cross docking provide tremendous benefit, First, reduce handling and transportation cost, the product will not have to go to another storage location to be wait for pick up. Second, Cut product wait time, the product will spend less time in warehouse and more time on the road to deliver to the customer, it is especially important if the products are time sensitive, such as milk or produces. Walmart stores can decrease the financial lost from having to reduce price of the product because it is close to the expiration day. Third, product now have less chances to be damaged during shipping, in the old days, products often have to be transported though many different locations before it is shipped to the stores, the cross docking eliminates the needs of going to different distribution locations, as figure 1 shows, all products now will only go to a centralized sorting facility before it’s shipped to various Walmart stores. However, the most significant advantage of cross docking is the reduced warehousing, one of the cross docking main benefits is the ability to quickly move products, therefore, increase the turnaround time during warehousing. Walmart stores can carry more products and can stored more in the warehouse. Figure 1 Downfall of Barcode System The barcode system provided undeniable logistical benefit since Sam Walton started the company, but as time move forward and more supplies need to be move across warehouse floor; the time is up for a replacement. The technological constraints of the barcode system are speed, range and durability. The first major shortfall is that the barcode requires the line-of-sight technology(RFID-Journal, 2011), which means for the barcode to be read, there has to be a laser scanner within the line of sight for it to pick up the information in the barcode. According to International Logistics by Richard Stewart and Pierre David â€Å"Transportation is dependent on an infrastructure that allows the movement of goods†. Due to the line-of-sight constraint logisticians have to design the warehouse certain ways to allow barcode system to be read or introduce expensive human labors into the picture. Second, because it requires laser scanner to scan the products, only one item can be read at a time. Third, barcodes labels are vulnerable to daily wear and tear. Allow me to ask, have you experienced a time where you or the store cashier try to scan the barcode and you placed the barcode over the red scanner several times, but the scanner failed to pick up the barcode. That’s an example of damaged barcode. Due to the nature of barcode, once the widths of the black and white lines are damaged, it is impossible for the scanners to pick up. As a result of the limitations in barcode technology, Walmart implemented a new technology call RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in its logistic system. Power to the RIFD In 2003(Webster, 2008), Walmart had started the preparation to integrate the RFID technology into its supply chain. The RFID united the improvements over barcode system in range, reading rate and durability into a single chip. It is a system of small electronic stickers that can instantly broadcast radio signal to the RFID receiver and consistently update its location. This way, logisticians can link between the digital and physical world without any human communication. The RFID had another advantage it’s able to read the data and know precisely what item it is and the expiration date on the item. For example, the RFID can tell Walmart which orange juices in which refrigerators are going to expire, so the employees can move the soon to expire orange juices in the front row. Walmart then required its 100 suppliers to integrate RFID technology in their packaging and hoping it will solve the issues where items are not ready on the selife. According to Ron Moser, RFID strategy leader at Walmart, Around 2 percent of all lost sales are due to the simple fact a store has run out of an item, but 41 percent of the lost sales are due to inventory problem, If RFID can fix just 10 percent of that problem, then Wal-Mart will gain $287 million per year by avoiding lost sales. † Since 2007, Walmart has benefited a 30 percent reduction of out-of-stoc ks; reduction of excess inventory in the supply chain says Walmart CIO and Executive Vice President Rollin Ford(Walmart, Wal-Mart Continues RFID Technology Expansion, 2007). And If combine the numbers from Moser and Ford, that is a saving of 861 million a year, since the integration of RFID. The technology has proven itself as the divine money savior for Walmart’s logistic system. On top of that, Walmart has also pushed the RFID into one of their most profitable foreign market, China. Walmart’s RFID Influence in China In speaking of international logistics, if Walmart requires all their suppliers to include RFID chips, then they will also need to require international companies to do the same. Started in 2009(ChinaRetailNews. com, 2008), Walmart impacted the Chinese supply chain by forcing all Chinese suppliers to have RFID chips build into their products. Not only so, Walmart also created tougher standards on the Chinese suppliers which created a much stressful time for the Chinese manufactures to adapt. Going back to day one, the Walmart RFID movement started in January 2005 in a distribution center in Dallas says computerworld. com (Songini, 2006). At first, Walmart required about 100 of its suppliers in to have RFID chip installed, then in two years after that, in January 2007, 600 suppliers implemented the technology. Base on the historical review of the U. S. companies, it was easier for U. S. ompanies to put into practice of the RFID chip, upgrade the information system and warehousing technologies. On the other hand, most of the Chinese companies were still using human labors for their supply chain management. It wasn’t that the Chinese manufactures didn’t want to upgrade to RFID. The technology infrastructure just wasn’t there. According the physorg. com, most of the companies in South China â€Å"Donâ₠¬â„¢t understand and are not familiar with the technology† There was a number of problems that Walmart needed to solve before implementing the RFID idea into the mind of Chinese suppliers. First, at what level would it affect China? Civilian standards or government regulations or both? Second, how many of Chinese suppliers are capable of deploying the RFID technology; third, how many of them have heard of RIFD technology. The Chinese RFID investment Two of the very important market entry strategies that an international logistician ought to understand before entering a foreign market are the technology infrastructure and the characteristic of different levels of development. Does the Chinese have it what it takes to upgrade its Infrastructure? And does the potential trade benefit outweigh cost? Fortunately, the Chinese government had a plan to expand its logistics infrastructure in 2007. The China State Radio Regulation Committee (SRRC) has approved the bandwidths needed to transmit RFID frequency in China, the two UHF bands 840. 25 to 844. 75 MHz and 920. 25 to 924. 75 MHz (Swedberg, 2007). The Chinese government’s intention of this approval is bring itself up to speed with rest of the world. According to Craig K. Harmon, President and CEO of Standards development organization â€Å"can be viewed as good news for U. S. and European companies. Chinas 920 to 925 MHz band overlaps the 902 to 928 MHz band used in the United States, so U. S. RFID tags will be readable by interrogators approved for use in China†. In other word, The Chinese government did not blindly upgrade its RFID infrastructure; it made sure the radio frequencies are compatible with foreign companies like Walmart. In other to support and keep up with rest of the world, the Chinese government is making an enormous amount of investments in the RFID market. Between 2009 and 2014, the Chinese market will have grown to $1. 4 billion in 2010, and by 2014, the RFID will reach $2. 4 billion, more than double the total form 2009, said by an iSuppli, a China market research firm. The RFID infrastructure is growing, and will dramatically develop to a mature stage that has the same level playing field with the United States. Chinese market potential Since the early 90s, the world has witnessed China’s huge growth economy and the potential to grow more, the logistics in China also have been growing along. Nevertheless, international logistics is a part of international business, the market, supply amp; demand, and GDP; those elements are the support beams of the logistics infrastructure. In addition, The Chinese and Walmart’s RFID infrastructures are depended on this growth. In 2010, the Chinese GDP growth was 10. 3 percent. In the same year, the Chinese domestic logistics grew to $15. 75 Trillion and will have 9% compound annual growth rate between 2011 to 2013, said by (Logistic Industry in China set for Tremendous Growth, 2011). On a general level, rapid market and GDP growth is a perfect business incubator for Walmart to accelerate the RFID adaption among Chinese suppliers. Conclusion The Logistics infrastructure is a key component for Walmart to penetrate Chinese market, in view of the fact that the country’s economy is export oriented. The RFID is one of the most important technologies for both Walmart and China to communicate both in the physical level and software level. But without the physical warehouse planning of Cross Docking, introducing the RFID can only win half of the battle. Ever since, Sam Walton created Walmart, moving products to customers have been the key development for the company, from human labor to barcode system and finally the RFID. With the pushing and help from Walmart, local Chinese manufactures and logistics companies are able to adapt this piece of technology and continue to compete with rest of the world. There are also noticeable evidences that the Chinese government is aware of the problem and taking action on, for example approving the RIFD spectrums. So far, the Chinese logistics information system that can support the RIFD is still smaller than the U. S. , even with that, Walmart should not back down in pushing the RFID technology to rest of the Chinese manufactures. We have to remember, what happen from the 100 supplies in the U. S. will happen to the Chinese suppliers. The adaption rate is slow and painful, but Walmart will get there. Works Cited China faces barriers in RFID adoption. (2005, 12 22). Retrieved 04 25, 2011, from www. physorg. com: http://www. physorg. com/news9312. html ChinaRetailNews. com. (2008, 11 06). Wal-Mart To Adopt Radio Frequency Identification On Chinese Mainland. Retrieved 04 26, 2011, from http://www. chinaretailnews. om: http://www. chinaretailnews. com/2008/11/06/1730-wal-mart-to-adopt-radio-frequency-identification-on-chinese-mainland/ Geography, D. o. (2011). THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS. Retrieved 04 18, 2011, from Hofstra University: http://people. hofstra. edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/conc5en/crossdocking. html Gu, V. (2011, 01 03). Press Release. Retrieved 05 01, 2011, from isuppli: http://www . isuppli. com/China-Electronics-Supply-Chain/News/Pages/Chinas-RFID-Market-Set-to-Double-by-2014. aspx Logistic Industry in China set for Tremendous Growth. (2011, 03 09). Retrieved 05 08, 2011, from whattech. com: